Classical v. Rogerrian Rhetoric

Classical Rhetoric
Exordium - introduction
Engage the audience
Introduce the issue
Why is it an issue?
Why do we care?
Rogerian Rhetoric
Introduction
State the problem
Establish a positive attitude about resolving the problem
Suggest that we all work together for a common solution
Classical Rhetoric
Narratio (necessary background )
What is the history of the problem?
What is its context: what circumstances, occurrences, or conditions do we need to be aware of?
2. Rogerian Rhetoric
Summarize the opposing view
As accurately and neutrally as possible, state the view of the people with whom you disagree.
Show that you are capable of listening without judging
3. Classical Rhetoric
Partitio – thesis and breakdown
State your position (thesis, claim)
State the major points that you will present
3. Rogerian Rhetoric
State the validity
Show that you understand that there are situations in which the “opponent’s” views are valid.
Which parts of the opposing views do you concede?
Under what conditions might you share these views?

4. Classical Rhetoric
Confirmatio (proof)
Present your reasons, examples, facts, statistics, etc. to back up your thesis
Explain and justify assumptions ( In Toulmin fashion, make sure the claims are supported by data, the data by warrants, the warrants by backing to the extent necessary.
4. Rogerian Rhetoric
State your position
Having given full consideration to the opposing view, ask the reader to listen to and consider yours.
5. Classical Rhetoric
Refutatio – refute the counter argument
Anticipate the opposing views
Refute them (prove them wrong)
Demonstrate that you have considered the issue carefully and that yours is the only reasonable position
5. Rogerian Rhetoric
State the Contexts
Explain the particular situations in which your view is most valid.
Accept that not everyone will agree with you all the time
Allow that opponents will agree with some of what you say some of the time
6. Classical Rhetoric
Peroratio – conclusion
Summarize the key points
Make a final appeal to values, morals, good sense, motivations and feelings that will support your side.
6. Rogerian Rhetoric
State the benefits
Appeal to the self-interest of your opponents by showing how they will benefit from accepting your position
Conclude the essay on a hopeful, positive note